A2P messaging, a vital revenue stream worth over $80 billion annually for mobile operators, faces significant revenue leakage due to reliance on legacy networks and exploitation of price differences between A2P and P2P messages.
A2P messaging is a vital revenue stream for mobile network operators worth over $80 billion per year. This service involves charging aggregators, enterprises, and messaging providers termination fees for delivering A2P traffic on their networks, making it a high-margin and essential revenue source. When you ask a revenue assurance professional how they track and route traffic through their network, you’d expect a clear and precise answer. However, not all telcos have this clarity, leading to costly revenue leakage.
Revenue Leakage Explained
The problem arises when this crucial revenue stream faces compromise. The root of the issue lies in the industry’s reliance on conventional messaging networks, often referred to as “Legacy Pipes”. While these networks are excellent at message delivery, they lack the intelligence to discern the intricacies of messaging traffic, making it difficult to differentiate between A2P and P2P messages, which opens avenues for revenue leakage.
Exploiting Price Differences
Operators charge different rates for terminating A2P and P2P messages from international and domestic sources. A2P providers often exploit these price differences to minimize the fees they pay to operators.
International Grey Routes
International Grey Routes exploit interconnect agreements between operators in different countries. These agreements all the free exchange of traffic under the assumption that it is P2P. However, these routes are often used for A2P traffic when it’s more cost-effective for aggregators to deliver messages through them.
National Grey Routes
Local aggregators may use one national operator as their A2P access point and leverage national interworking agreements to deliver messages to all operators. This can lead to revenue leakage due to the differences between national interconnect and local A2P price points.
International A2P Traffic on Domestic A2P Routes
Most operators position “international” A2P access with a premium charge compared to domestic A2P access. However, cost differences between domestic and international access rates can lead to substantial amounts of international traffic being delivered through local aggregators.
Use of SIMBOX Devices
Large-scale SIM Farms, whether located on-network or off-network, pose a significant challenge to the growth of revenues from A2P messaging services. SIM Farms exploit bulk SMS bundles in standard SIM packages to send large volumes of A2P messages at an extremely low cost. Typically, operators charge a premium for legitimate A2P termination, making revenue loss through SIM Farms a substantial concern.
Why Operators Need to Tackle Revenue Leakage
Network operators face several critical issues that impact their ability to manage and optimize revenue streams effectively. These challenges stem from both technical and market dynamics and require proactive strategies to mitigate revenue leakage.
Common issues faced by network operators include:
Lack of Visibility into Categories of Traffic
Network operators often struggle with accurately identifying and categorizing different types of traffic, such as distinguishing between P2P and A2P messaging. This lack of visibility can lead to improper billing and mismanagement of network resources, ultimately causing revenue loss and operational inefficiencies.
Concerns About Grey Routes of Messages
Grey routes refer to the practice of sending messages through unofficial or less-regulated channels to avoid higher costs associated with legitimate routes. These routes undermine legitimate revenue streams by bypassing official channels, leading to significant financial losses and compromising network security and reliability.
Uncertainty About Profit Maximization Through Aggregators
Aggregators, who act as intermediaries between enterprises and network operators, play a crucial role in the A2P messaging ecosystem. However, there can be uncertainty regarding the revenue-sharing models and pricing strategies employed by these aggregators. This uncertainty can result in suboptimal profit margins for operators and complicate efforts to establish transparent and profitable business relationships.
Abuse of Unlimited SMS Policies by Businesses
Some businesses exploit unlimited SMS policies intended for consumer use by sending high volumes of A2P messages at no additional cost. This misuse depletes network resources and diminishes the value of unlimited plans, leading to significant revenue leakage and unfair advantages for certain businesses.
These issues can lead to:
Loss of Revenue Due to Grey Routes
When messages are routed through grey channels, operators miss out on legitimate earnings from their official network paths. This unauthorized usage not only reduces revenue but also harms the operator’s reputation for secure and reliable service.
Loss of Revenue to OTT Services, Flash Calls, and In-App Authentication
OTT services, flash calls, and in-app authentication methods bypass traditional SMS routes, often providing cheaper or free alternatives. As these methods gain popularity, operators lose out on significant messaging revenue.
Decreased Trust from Enterprises
Enterprises rely on operators to provide reliable and secure messaging services. When issues such as fraud, grey routes, or inconsistent pricing arise, it erodes trust and can drive enterprises to seek alternative providers, further impacting revenue.
High Costs Associated with Ineffective In-House Fraud Management Teams
Managing and mitigating fraud requires specialized knowledge and resources. Ineffective in-house teams can incur high costs due to their inability to prevent or respond to fraudulent activities effectively, resulting in additional financial losses and operational strain.
Unpredictability in A2P Messaging Pricing
The dynamic nature of the A2P messaging market, influenced by factors such as changing regulations and competitive pressures, leads to fluctuating pricing models. This unpredictability complicates budgeting and forecasting, making it difficult for operators to maintain stable revenue streams.
Addressing these challenges requires network operators to implement robust traffic monitoring systems, enforce stringent routing policies, and develop comprehensive fraud prevention strategies. By doing so, they can safeguard their revenue, enhance operational efficiency, and maintain trust with their enterprise clients.
Case Study
Mobile Network Operator, South East Asia region
Problem: SIM Boxes / Grey Routes are impacting the international A2P revenue.
Customers complaining on delayed or non-received OTP messages.
Solution: Openmind Networks implemented AI-based revenue assurance and successfully managed this project
Result: 400% growth of international A2P messaging revenue in one year
How Openmind Networks Mitigates Revenue Leakage
Machine Learning and Neural Networks
Machine Learning (ML) and Neural Networks are artificial intelligence systems that improve performance on specific tasks without being explicitly reprogrammed. They are highly effective at discovering patterns in large datasets, making them ideal for categorizing large volumes of mobile messaging traffic based on content similarity.
For A2P Revenue Assurance, we use our ‘Smart Control’ technology to process message CDRs (Call Detail Records) and identify common classifications of messages, such as One-Time Passwords, Banking Messages, and Password Resets.

These classifications are called Cohorts. Over time, the process can be refined to expand the number of categories. For example, instead of one “Password Reset” category, it could be further expanded to “Password Reset from Google,” “Password Reset from Facebook,” etc.
A tag identifying the Cohort is inserted into the CDR associated with each message, enabling the business intelligence platform used on the network to provide appropriate visualizations to end users. Openmind Networks offers these visualizations as a separate service, though customers can use existing systems where appropriate.
Example Cohorts include:
- Targeted Financial Service Messages
- Broadcast/Informational Messages
- Messages that could not be immediately classified by software but could be classified over time with the input of a Managed Services Engineer
- One-Time Passwords from Financial Institutions
- Targeted Informational Messages
- Two-Factor Authentication Messages
- Password Reset Messages
- Machine-to-Machine Messages
Stopping Revenue Leakage
The solution involves enabling an SMS Firewall in a network to implement smart, intelligent rules about how different types of A2P messages are delivered.
Any SMS Firewall that supports Diameter can be integrated with the Openmind Networks solution. The Firewall should be configured with appropriate rules to enforce business policies for each message category on various network routes. Typically, messages categorized as International A2P will only be allowed from designated International Hubs. All A2P types can be blocked from mobile-originated and mobile-terminated routes unless explicitly allowed. For example, SIMs sold under M2M packages can be permitted to send specific A2P types.
Services Provided by Openmind Networks
Openmind Networks’ Smart Control technology is supported by a team of experts who ensure the correct implementation of message classifications with the customer so they can be enforced by the network SMS Firewall. Continuous training of the Smart Control neural network ensures it can correctly classify message types even as formats change over time.
Tools & Software Used
- Openmind Networks’ Smart Control Machine Learning Technology
Openmind Resources
- Engineering & Operations
Customer Interfaces
- A2P Business Owners (International & Domestic)
- Revenue Assurance
Customer Outcomes
- Increased International A2P Revenues
- Prevention of revenue leakage due to the use of low-cost routes
By addressing revenue leakage with advanced technology and expert support, telecom operators can protect and enhance their crucial A2P messaging revenue streams.
To learn more about the topics covered in this article, or to discuss how Openmind Networks can help you navigate your revenue leakage issues, please get in touch or contact our team of messaging experts online here.